Microeconomics is the study of individual economic decisions. It focuses on how consumers make choices, businesses operate, and markets interact. This guide aims to provide a clear and concise understanding of microeconomics for individuals new to
Microeconomics
Minimum Wage: Balancing Worker Rights and Economic Impact
The minimum wage is a mandated floor for how much employers must pay their workers. It's a policy sparking ongoing debate, with supporters arguing it protects workers from exploitation and critics highlighting potential downsides for businesses and
A Guide to Supply and Demand Elasticities in Economics
Economists introduce the concept of elasticity. This concept measures how responsive consumers and producers are to changes in price and income. Understanding elasticity is crucial for businesses and governments, allowing them to make informed
Unlocking Market Dynamics: A Guide to Supply, Demand, and Equilibrium in Economics
Competitive markets are the foundation of modern economies, shaping consumer choices and influencing market trends. This guide explores the fundamental concepts of supply and demand, providing a clear understanding of how these forces interact to
How Do Businesses Respond to A More Competitive Market?
Revisiting competitive strategy is one way to respond to a more competitive market. For example, in marketing, businesses identify what needs to be adapted to be relevant to today's competition and customer needs, whether related to the product,
Why are some markets becoming more competitive?
Some markets become competitive for several reasons. Globalization is the first reason. It makes the competition map wider because it involves foreign players. For example, it encourages foreign goods to easily enter the domestic market, increasing
Competitive Market: Characteristics and Examples
What it's: A competitive market refers to a market characterized by intense competition in which no player has a dominant power. It is identified as a perfectly competitive market with many buyers and sellers. And they individually cannot
What is the difference between a movement and a shift in the demand curve?
The difference between a movement and a shift in the demand curve lies in the causing factors. The first occurs due to changes in its price. The second occurs due to changes in non-price factors such as consumer income, future price expectations, or
Reasons For a Downward-Sloping Demand Curve
A downward-sloping demand curve holds true in most of our day-to-day cases. It shows a negative relationship between price and quantity demanded. It complies with the law of demand. By the law of demand, a higher price lowers consumers'
What Are the Five Exceptions to the Law of Demand?
While it applies to most things we encounter daily, there are exceptions to the law of demand. Two of them are Veblen goods and Giffen goods. They show a positive relationship between their price and the quantity demanded by consumers. In some
Three Assumptions Underlying the Law of Demand
The three reasons or assumptions underlying the law of demand are the income effect, the substitution effect, and diminishing marginal utility. The first two describe how consumers react when the price of a product changes. The income effect relates
Individual Demand: Definition, Its Curve, Determinants
What's it: Individual demand represents the quantity demanded by a person for a good at a given price level. Two conditions: he has the willingness to buy and has the ability to buy. At different price levels, the quantity demanded is also
What are the six non-price determinants of demand? Examples.
When we study demand theory, non-price determinants of demand refer to factors other than the price of the goods we study, where their changes can affect demand. Knowing them is important because they are not described from the model. They are
Monopoly: Meaning, Examples, Characteristics, Causes, Advantages, Disadvantages
What's it: a monopoly is a market structure with only one seller and serving many buyers. The seller is called a monopolist. Unlike in perfectly competitive markets, the monopolist has absolute control over market supply and prices. Since there
Social Cost in Economics: Meaning, Components, Formulas, and Effects
What's it: Social cost is private cost plus external cost. Private cost is borne by individuals directly involved in economic transactions or activities. Meanwhile, the external cost is borne by third parties not directly involved in the
Ease of Entry: Meaning, Impacts, Determinants
What's it: Easy of entry refers to the level of difficulty a company has to enter into an industry or market. It is important because it affects the intensity of competition and profitability in the market. When new entrants enter, they bring in
Abnormal Profit: Meaning, Formula
What's it: Abnormal profit occurs when the firm earns a higher than normal profit. It occurs when total revenue exceeds total economic costs (implicit costs plus explicit costs). Also known as supernormal profit or economic profit. When a
Free Rider: Meaning, Examples, Impacts and Possible Solutions
What's it: Free rider is someone who gets benefit from a product at no cost. It appears in the public good because people are free to benefit from the goods without paying. When you consume it, it does not reduce the benefits received by others.
Individual Supply: Meaning, Curve, Determinants
What's it: Individual supply refers to the number of goods a firm is willing and able to produce at a given price, ceteris paribus. It only represents supply from one producer. When you combine all the firms' production in the market, we call it
Arc Elasticity: Meaning, How to Calculate, Difference with Point Elasticity
What's it: Arc elasticity is a measure of elasticity based on two given points. Suppose you measure the own-price elasticity of demand. In that case, it is the percentage change in quantity demanded divided by the percentage change in price
First-Degree Price Discrimination: Examples, Prerequisites, Problems
What's it: First-degree price discrimination is a type of price discrimination in which producers charge each customer the highest price they are willing and able to pay. We also call this perfect price discrimination. Types of price